Keywords
Degree of maturity
Feed efficiency
Multivariate analysis
Nonlinear model
Struthio camelus.
Feed efficiency
Multivariate analysis
Nonlinear model
Struthio camelus.
How to Cite
Rezende, M. P. G. de, Carneiro, P. L. S., Moretti, R., Araujo, J. I. M., Cardoso, I. L., Araujo, A. C., … Malhado, C. H. M. (2021). Kleiber ratios and growth curves of African Black and Red Neck ostrich breeds and their crossbreeds. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(6SUPL2), 4059–4072. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n6SUPL2p4059
Abstract
The selection of animals with lower production costs can be achieved by using feed efficiency and growth curve information. Kleiber ratio (KR) is an alternative option for discriminating against the animals that have the greatest weight gain about their final weight. Alternative feed efficiency and growth curves for ostriches of the African Black (AB) and Red Neck (RN) breeds and their crossbreeds (CB) were investigated using KR and Gompertz equation. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used. The highest adult weight was identified in the RN and CB. AB was more precocious than the RN and CB individuals. Only AB animals reached 75% of their mature weight at one year of age. At 180 days, AB showed better KR. AB was different from the others, mainly for KR at 90 days and 180 days. Considering multivariate analysis, AB animals were different from the others, regardless of sex, mainly for KR at 90 days and KR at 180 days. Other subgroups separated the animals by sex. In a market preferring animals of minor structure (smaller cuts) and greater precocity, it would be suitable to opt for AB. When animals with greater body structure (larger cuts) are desired, males RN and CR is the best option, however, it will be slaughtered with greater age and lower value for KR (may generate a bigger production cost ). It is possible to obtain animals with precocity and high KR, being well represented by the AB breed.References
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Brand, T. S., Gous, R. M., Kruger, A. C. M., Aucamp, B. B., Nel, C. J., & Horbanczuk, J. O. (2004). The effect of dietary energy and protein (amino acids) concentration on the performance of slaughter ostriches. South African Journal of Animal Science, 34(6), 104-106.
Brand, T. S., Nell, C. J., & Van Schalkwyk, S. J. (2000). The effect of dietary energy and protein level on the production of growing ostriches. South African Journal of Animal Science, 30(1), 15-16. doi: 10.4314/ sajas.v30i4.3889
Carstens, P. D., Sharifi, A. R., Brand, T. S., & Hoffman, L. C. (2014). The growth response of ostrich (Struthio camelus var. domesticus) chicks fed on diets with three different dietary protein and amino acid concentrations. British Poultry Science, 55(4), 510-517. doi: 10.1080/00071668.2014.933772
Cyril, H., Josef, B., & Widya, P. B. P. (2021). The growth curve of gompertz model in body weight of mixed-sex goose breeds in slovakia. Genetics and Biodiversity Journal, 5(1), 28-32.
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Figueiredo, G. C., Rezende, M. P. G., Figueiredo, M. P., Bozzi, R., Souza, A. A. O. Jr., Carneiro, P. L. S., & Malhado, C. H. M. (2019). Morphofunctional characteristics of Dorper sheep crossed with Brazilian native breeds. Small Ruminant Research, 170, 143-148. doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.11.024 ….
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Kleiber, M. (1936). Problems involved in breeding for efficiency of food utilization. Journal of Animal Science, 1936b (1), 247-258. doi: 10.2527/jas1936.1936b1247x
Miah, A. G., Abdulle, K. M., Rahman, M., & Salma, U. (2020). Growth performance and survivability of ostrich chicks in Bangladesh. Journal of Veterinary Research Advances, 2(2), 32-40.
Michalczuk, M., Damaziak, K., & Goryl, A. (2016). Sigmoid models for the growth curves in medium-growing meat type chickens, raised under semi-confined conditions. Annals of Animal Science, 16(1), 65-77. doi: 10.1515/aoas-2015-0061
Minari, A. N., Arruda, J. G., & Mativi, C. S. (2021). Viabilidade da estrutiocultura no Brasil: um enfoque nos custos de produção. Revista Científica da Ajes, 10(20), 230-242.
Niemann, G. J., Brand, T. S., & Hoffman, L. C. (2018). Production and slaughter performance of ostriches fed full-fat canola seed. South African Journal of Animal Science, 48(4), 779-799. doi: 10.4314/sajas. v48i4.20
Nikravesh-Masouleh, T., Seidavi, A., Kawka, M., & Dadashbeiki, M. (2018). The effect of dietary energy and protein levels on body weight, size, and microflora of ostrich chicks. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 50(3), 635-641. doi: 10.1007/s11250-017-1480-8
Prabakar, G., Pavulraj, S., Shanmuganathan, S., Kirubakaran, A., & Mohana, N. (2016). Early nutrition and its importance in poultry: a review. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 33(3), 245-252. doi: 10.5958/ 2231-6744.2016.00044.X
R Core Team (2018). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from http://www.Rproject.org/
Ramedani, Z., Alimohammadian, L., Kheialipour, K., Delpisheh, P., & Abbasi, Z. (2019). Comparing energy state and environmental impacts in ostrich and chicken production systems. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(27), 28284-28293. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05972-8
Ramos, S. B., Caetano, S. L., Savegnago, R. P., Nunes, B. N., Ramos, A. A., & Munari, D. P. (2013). Growth curves for ostriches (Struthio camelus) in a Brazilian population. Poultry Science, 92(1), 277-282. doi: 10.3382/ps.2012-02380
Rezende, M. P. G., Figueiredo, G. C., Araujo, J. I. M., Campos, B. M., Moretti, R., Bozzi, R., & Carneiro, P. L. S. (2020). Growth curve, carcass traits and Kleiber ratio of Dorper crossbreed with hairless native Brazilian sheep breeds. Small Ruminant Research, 192, 106190. doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.1061 90
Sales, J., Horbanczuk, J., Dingle, J., Coleman, R., & Sensik, S. (1999). Carcase characteristics of emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae). British Poultry Science, 40(1), 145-147. doi: 10.1080/00071669987999
Silva, L. C. D., Nogueira, A. C., Brandalise, N., Beserra, V. A., & Peres, A. A. C. (2016). Decision making and financial economic analysis for ostrich implantation. Archivos de Zootecnia, 65(250), 107-116.
Statistical Analysis System Institute (2021). Statistical analysis system: user's guide. Cary: SAS Institute Inc.
Tesema, Z., Alemayehu, K., Getachew, T., Kebede, D., Deribe, B., Taye, M., & Yizengaw, L. (2020). Estimation of genetic parameters for growth traits and Kleiber ratios in Boer x Central Highland goat. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 52(6), 3195-3205. doi: 10.1007/s11250-020-02345-z
Umar, Z., Qureshi, A. S., Shahid, R. U., & Deeba, F. (2021). Macroscopic, microscopic and histomorphometric analysis of intestine, liver and pancreas of ostrich (Struthio camelus) with advancement of age and sex. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 41(3), 1-8. doi: 10.29261/pakvetj/2020.029
Yousefi, B., Gholizadeh, M., & Hafezian, H. (2020). Quantifying the effect of inbreeding on average daily gain and Kleiber ratio in Mazandaran native chickens. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 52(6), 3217-3223. doi: 10.1007/s11250-020-02347-x
Basuny, A. M. M., Arafat, S. M., & Nasef, S. L. (2011). Utilization of ostrich oil in foods. International Research Journal of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, 2(8), 199-208.
Belichovska, D., Hajrulai-Musliu, Z., Uzunov, R., Belichovska, K., & Arapcheska, M. (2015). Fatty acid composition of ostrich (Struthio camelus) abdominal adipose tissue. Macedonian Veterinary Review, 38(1), 53-59. doi: 10.14432/j.macvetrev.2014.11.028
Brand, T. S., & Gous, R. M. (2006). Feeding ostriches. In Feeding in domestic vertebrates: from structure to behaviour (pp. 136-155). Wallingford, England: CAB.
Brand, T. S., Gous, R. M., Kruger, A. C. M., Aucamp, B. B., Nel, C. J., & Horbanczuk, J. O. (2004). The effect of dietary energy and protein (amino acids) concentration on the performance of slaughter ostriches. South African Journal of Animal Science, 34(6), 104-106.
Brand, T. S., Nell, C. J., & Van Schalkwyk, S. J. (2000). The effect of dietary energy and protein level on the production of growing ostriches. South African Journal of Animal Science, 30(1), 15-16. doi: 10.4314/ sajas.v30i4.3889
Carstens, P. D., Sharifi, A. R., Brand, T. S., & Hoffman, L. C. (2014). The growth response of ostrich (Struthio camelus var. domesticus) chicks fed on diets with three different dietary protein and amino acid concentrations. British Poultry Science, 55(4), 510-517. doi: 10.1080/00071668.2014.933772
Cyril, H., Josef, B., & Widya, P. B. P. (2021). The growth curve of gompertz model in body weight of mixed-sex goose breeds in slovakia. Genetics and Biodiversity Journal, 5(1), 28-32.
Emmans, G. C., & Fisher, C. (1986). Problems in nutritional theory. In C. Fisher, & K. N. Boorman (Eds.), Nutrient requirements of poultry and nutritional research (pp. 9-39). London: Butterw Orths.
Figueiredo, G. C., Rezende, M. P. G., Figueiredo, M. P., Bozzi, R., Souza, A. A. O. Jr., Carneiro, P. L. S., & Malhado, C. H. M. (2019). Morphofunctional characteristics of Dorper sheep crossed with Brazilian native breeds. Small Ruminant Research, 170, 143-148. doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.11.024 ….
Gomes, R. C., Sainz, R. D., Silva, S. L., César, M. C., Bonin, M. N., & Leme, P. R. (2012). Feedlot performance, feed efficiency reranking, carcass traits, body composition, energy requirements, meat quality and calpain system activity in Nellore steers with low and high residual feed intake. Livestock Science, 150(1-3), 265-273. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2012.09.012
Hoffman, L. C., Joubert, M., Brand, T. S., & Manley, M. (2005). The effect of dietary fish oil rich in n− 3 fatty acids on the organoleptic, fatty acid and physicochemical characteristics of ostrich meat. Meat Science, 70(1), 45-53. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.11.019
Kleiber, M. (1936). Problems involved in breeding for efficiency of food utilization. Journal of Animal Science, 1936b (1), 247-258. doi: 10.2527/jas1936.1936b1247x
Miah, A. G., Abdulle, K. M., Rahman, M., & Salma, U. (2020). Growth performance and survivability of ostrich chicks in Bangladesh. Journal of Veterinary Research Advances, 2(2), 32-40.
Michalczuk, M., Damaziak, K., & Goryl, A. (2016). Sigmoid models for the growth curves in medium-growing meat type chickens, raised under semi-confined conditions. Annals of Animal Science, 16(1), 65-77. doi: 10.1515/aoas-2015-0061
Minari, A. N., Arruda, J. G., & Mativi, C. S. (2021). Viabilidade da estrutiocultura no Brasil: um enfoque nos custos de produção. Revista Científica da Ajes, 10(20), 230-242.
Niemann, G. J., Brand, T. S., & Hoffman, L. C. (2018). Production and slaughter performance of ostriches fed full-fat canola seed. South African Journal of Animal Science, 48(4), 779-799. doi: 10.4314/sajas. v48i4.20
Nikravesh-Masouleh, T., Seidavi, A., Kawka, M., & Dadashbeiki, M. (2018). The effect of dietary energy and protein levels on body weight, size, and microflora of ostrich chicks. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 50(3), 635-641. doi: 10.1007/s11250-017-1480-8
Prabakar, G., Pavulraj, S., Shanmuganathan, S., Kirubakaran, A., & Mohana, N. (2016). Early nutrition and its importance in poultry: a review. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 33(3), 245-252. doi: 10.5958/ 2231-6744.2016.00044.X
R Core Team (2018). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from http://www.Rproject.org/
Ramedani, Z., Alimohammadian, L., Kheialipour, K., Delpisheh, P., & Abbasi, Z. (2019). Comparing energy state and environmental impacts in ostrich and chicken production systems. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(27), 28284-28293. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05972-8
Ramos, S. B., Caetano, S. L., Savegnago, R. P., Nunes, B. N., Ramos, A. A., & Munari, D. P. (2013). Growth curves for ostriches (Struthio camelus) in a Brazilian population. Poultry Science, 92(1), 277-282. doi: 10.3382/ps.2012-02380
Rezende, M. P. G., Figueiredo, G. C., Araujo, J. I. M., Campos, B. M., Moretti, R., Bozzi, R., & Carneiro, P. L. S. (2020). Growth curve, carcass traits and Kleiber ratio of Dorper crossbreed with hairless native Brazilian sheep breeds. Small Ruminant Research, 192, 106190. doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.1061 90
Sales, J., Horbanczuk, J., Dingle, J., Coleman, R., & Sensik, S. (1999). Carcase characteristics of emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae). British Poultry Science, 40(1), 145-147. doi: 10.1080/00071669987999
Silva, L. C. D., Nogueira, A. C., Brandalise, N., Beserra, V. A., & Peres, A. A. C. (2016). Decision making and financial economic analysis for ostrich implantation. Archivos de Zootecnia, 65(250), 107-116.
Statistical Analysis System Institute (2021). Statistical analysis system: user's guide. Cary: SAS Institute Inc.
Tesema, Z., Alemayehu, K., Getachew, T., Kebede, D., Deribe, B., Taye, M., & Yizengaw, L. (2020). Estimation of genetic parameters for growth traits and Kleiber ratios in Boer x Central Highland goat. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 52(6), 3195-3205. doi: 10.1007/s11250-020-02345-z
Umar, Z., Qureshi, A. S., Shahid, R. U., & Deeba, F. (2021). Macroscopic, microscopic and histomorphometric analysis of intestine, liver and pancreas of ostrich (Struthio camelus) with advancement of age and sex. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 41(3), 1-8. doi: 10.29261/pakvetj/2020.029
Yousefi, B., Gholizadeh, M., & Hafezian, H. (2020). Quantifying the effect of inbreeding on average daily gain and Kleiber ratio in Mazandaran native chickens. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 52(6), 3217-3223. doi: 10.1007/s11250-020-02347-x
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