Keywords
Agar diffusion test
Bovine mastitis
Minimum inhibitory concentration
Staphylococcus aureus.
Bovine mastitis
Minimum inhibitory concentration
Staphylococcus aureus.
How to Cite
Dias, J. A., Menezes, C. A. de, Brito, M. A. V. P., Lange, C. C., & Queiroz, R. B. de. (2022). Antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus spp. isolates in cattle herds from Western Amazon. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 43(3), 1355–1364. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n3p1355
Abstract
Staphylococcus is one of the most frequent etiological agents of bovine mastitis, causing economic losses to milk farming. This study aimed to describe the milk production and management practices in 15 herds located in three microregions of the State of Rondônia and to identify the antimicrobial resistance profile of 97 isolates of the genus Staphylococcus from these herds. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests using the agar diffusion method. Twenty-nine S. aureus isolates were selected to determine their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). In the farms studied, the breeding system was semi-intensive, with the Girolando breed being predominant. Milking was performed predominantly using a mechanical milking system (86.7%), twice a day (66.7%), in the presence of the calf (53.8%). The average number of lactating cows in the farms was 24, with an average milk production of 204.9 L d-1 and a milk productivity of 10.2 L animal-1 d-1. The use of antimicrobials for the treatment and prevention of bovine mastitis was reported for all properties, and therapy for dry cows was adopted in 80% of the herds. The percent susceptibility to antimicrobials ranged from 85.5% to 100% for S. aureus, 22.2% to 88.9% for coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS), and 69.2% to 100% for coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), with the highest resistance frequencies for penicillin, ampicillin, and tetracycline. Among the S. aureus isolates, 100% susceptibility to oxacillin, cefalexin, and gentamicin was observed, and among the CNS isolates, 100% susceptibility to gentamicin was observed. None of the antimicrobials tested showed 100% in vitro effectiveness for CPS. CPS and CNS presented lower percentages of susceptibility to penicillin, ampicillin, and tetracycline than the S. aureus isolates. Twelve resistance patterns were detected, six of which were multiresistance patterns. The most prevalent resistance patterns were penicillin and ampicillin (PEN-AMP) and penicillin, ampicillin, and tetracycline (PEN-AMP-TET). Results of the MIC assay revealed that all 29 S. aureus isolates were susceptible to cephalothin, cefoxitin, tetracycline, and erythromycin, whereas 25 (86.2%) were susceptible to penicillin.References
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Brito, M. A. V. P., Brito, J. R. F., Silva, M. A. S., & Carmo, R. A. (2001). Concentração mínima inibitória de dez antimicrobianos para amostras de Staphylococcus aureus isoladas de infecção intramamária bovina. (2001). Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 53(5), 531-537. doi: 10.1590/S0102-09352001000500003
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Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2013b). Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals (2nd Informational Supplement). (CLSI Document VET01-S2). Wayne, PA: CLSI.
Costa, G. M., Barros, R. A., Custódio, D. A. C., Pereira, U. P. P., Figueiredo, D. J., & Silva, N. (2013). Resistência a antimicrobianos em Staphylococcus aureus isolados de mastite em bovinos leiteiros de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico, 80(3), 297-302.
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Dias, J. A., Antes, F. G., Grego, C. R., & Menezes, C. A. (2016). Spatial distribution and risk factors associated with the occurrence of antimicrobial residues in dairy herds of the microregion of Ji-Paraná, State of Rondônia. (Documentos, 163). Porto Velho, RO: EMBRAPA Rondônia.
Dias, J. A., Constantino, N. A. S., Oliveira, A. M., Aprígio, M. E. G., Tenório, T. E. C., & Faria, G. V. (2021). Prevalência e fatores de risco associados à mastite subclínica em rebanhos fornecedores de agroindústrias familiares de Rondônia. Anais do Congresso Internacional de Pecuária Leiteira da Amazônia Ocidental, Rio Branco, AC, Brasil, 2.
Dias, J. A., Pacheco, I. F., Grego, C. R., Faria, G. V., & Cruz, P. G. (2020). Spatial characterization of hygienic-sanitary indicators of refrigerated raw milk from three micro regions of the Rondônia state. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(5), 2195-2208. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n5supl1p2195
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Pol, M., & Ruegg, P. L. (2007). Relationship between antimicrobial drug usage and antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-positive mastitis pathogens Journal of Dairy Science, 90(1), 262-273. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(07)72627-9
Santos, F. F., Mendonça, L. C., Reis, D. R. L., Guimarães, A. S., Lange, C. C., Ribeiro, J. B., Brito, M. A. V. P. (2016). Presence of mecA-positive multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in bovine milk samples in Brazil. Journal of Dairy Science, 99(2), 1374-1382. doi: 10.3168/jds.2015-9931
Silveira, W. M., Fº., Luz, I. S., Campos, A. P. F., Silva, W. M., Barros, M. P. S., Medeiros, E. S.,... Leal-Balbino, T. C. (2014). Antibiotic resistance and molecular analysis of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cow's milk and dairy products in Northeast Brazil. Journal of Food Protection, 77(4), 583-591. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-13-343
Taponen, S., Nykäsenoja, S., Pohjanvirta, T., Pitkälä, A., & Pyörälä, S. (2016). Species distribution and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitis milk. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 50(12), 1-13. doi: 10.1186/s13028-016-0193-8
Van Boeckel, T. P., Pires, J., Silvester, R., Zhao, C., Song, J., Criscuolo, N. G.,... Laxminarayan, R. (2019). Global trends in antimicrobial resistance in animal in low- and middle-income countries. Science, 365(6459), 19-44. doi: 10.1126/science.aaw1944.
Beuron, D. C., Cortinhas, C. S., Botaro, B. G., Macedo, S. N., Gonçalves, J. L., Brito, M. A. V. P., & Santos, M. V. (2014). Risk factors associated with the antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 34(10), 947-952. doi: 10.1590/S0100-736X2014 001000004
Brito, M. A. V. P., Brito, J. R. F., Silva, M. A. S., & Carmo, R. A. (2001). Concentração mínima inibitória de dez antimicrobianos para amostras de Staphylococcus aureus isoladas de infecção intramamária bovina. (2001). Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 53(5), 531-537. doi: 10.1590/S0102-09352001000500003
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2013a). Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals (4nd ed. Rev). (CLSI Document VET01-A4). Wayne, PA: CLSI.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2013b). Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals (2nd Informational Supplement). (CLSI Document VET01-S2). Wayne, PA: CLSI.
Costa, G. M., Barros, R. A., Custódio, D. A. C., Pereira, U. P. P., Figueiredo, D. J., & Silva, N. (2013). Resistência a antimicrobianos em Staphylococcus aureus isolados de mastite em bovinos leiteiros de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico, 80(3), 297-302.
Dias, J. A., Antes, F. G., & Queiroz, R. B. (2015). Prevalência e fatores de risco associados à ocorrência de Staphylococcus aureus em amostras de leite total de rebanhos da microrregião de Ji-Paraná, Rondônia. Anais do Congresso Brasileiro de Qualidade do Leite, Curitiba, PR, Brasil, 6.
Dias, J. A., Antes, F. G., Grego, C. R., & Menezes, C. A. (2016). Spatial distribution and risk factors associated with the occurrence of antimicrobial residues in dairy herds of the microregion of Ji-Paraná, State of Rondônia. (Documentos, 163). Porto Velho, RO: EMBRAPA Rondônia.
Dias, J. A., Constantino, N. A. S., Oliveira, A. M., Aprígio, M. E. G., Tenório, T. E. C., & Faria, G. V. (2021). Prevalência e fatores de risco associados à mastite subclínica em rebanhos fornecedores de agroindústrias familiares de Rondônia. Anais do Congresso Internacional de Pecuária Leiteira da Amazônia Ocidental, Rio Branco, AC, Brasil, 2.
Dias, J. A., Pacheco, I. F., Grego, C. R., Faria, G. V., & Cruz, P. G. (2020). Spatial characterization of hygienic-sanitary indicators of refrigerated raw milk from three micro regions of the Rondônia state. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(5), 2195-2208. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n5supl1p2195
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (2021). Pesquisa da pecuária municipal - PPM. Recuperado de https://sidra.ibge.gov.br/home/leite/brasil
National Mastitis Council (2004). Microbiological procedures for the diagnosis of bovine udder infection and determination of milk quality. Verona: National Mastitis Council.
Pol, M., & Ruegg, P. L. (2007). Relationship between antimicrobial drug usage and antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-positive mastitis pathogens Journal of Dairy Science, 90(1), 262-273. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(07)72627-9
Santos, F. F., Mendonça, L. C., Reis, D. R. L., Guimarães, A. S., Lange, C. C., Ribeiro, J. B., Brito, M. A. V. P. (2016). Presence of mecA-positive multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in bovine milk samples in Brazil. Journal of Dairy Science, 99(2), 1374-1382. doi: 10.3168/jds.2015-9931
Silveira, W. M., Fº., Luz, I. S., Campos, A. P. F., Silva, W. M., Barros, M. P. S., Medeiros, E. S.,... Leal-Balbino, T. C. (2014). Antibiotic resistance and molecular analysis of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cow's milk and dairy products in Northeast Brazil. Journal of Food Protection, 77(4), 583-591. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-13-343
Taponen, S., Nykäsenoja, S., Pohjanvirta, T., Pitkälä, A., & Pyörälä, S. (2016). Species distribution and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitis milk. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 50(12), 1-13. doi: 10.1186/s13028-016-0193-8
Van Boeckel, T. P., Pires, J., Silvester, R., Zhao, C., Song, J., Criscuolo, N. G.,... Laxminarayan, R. (2019). Global trends in antimicrobial resistance in animal in low- and middle-income countries. Science, 365(6459), 19-44. doi: 10.1126/science.aaw1944.
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