Keywords
Factory
Kibbles
Processing
Water activity.
How to Cite
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of emulsifying agents on processing and texture characteristics of kibbles in the pet food industry. For each treatment, four runs were performed (four replications/treatment) and four samples were collected over time. Two commercial emulsifiers, added on top of the formulation, were used in an economical extruded dry food for adult dogs, forming three treatments, namely, CON: control; EMUA: CON + 0.06% emulsifier A; and EMUB: CON + 0.06% emulsifier B. The foods were extruded in a single-screw extruder with a throughput of 6,000 kg/h, and the same set of equipment, mixing, drying, and coating conditions were adopted for all treatments. Emulsifier A contains partially saturated mono- and diglycerides, sodium stearoyl lactylate, and diacetyl tartaric acid esters of monoglycerides in its composition; whereas emulsifier B includes mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, diacetyl tartaric acid esters of monoglycerides, and stearoyl sodium lactate. Canonical correlation analysis was performed for process correlation and kibble texture characteristics data. The multivariate lambda Wilks test was used to assess the significance of the canonical roots together. Canonical function 1 was found to be significant. There was control in the process, due to the clustering of treatments. The use of emulsifiers influenced the hardness of the kibbles, with lower resistance found in EMUA (54.731 ± 1.124) than in EMUB (121.898 ± 5.158). The EMUB treatment showed lower amperage, power, and energy consumption values than the other treatments (P<0.05). Compared with the control treatment, the EMUA and EMUB treatments showed 1.43% and 3.15% lower amperage values, respectively. In conclusion, EMUB contributes more significantly to texture characteristics and to the extrusion process.
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