First report of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) in two native cichlids cultured in Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2024v45n1p239Keywords:
Aquaculture, Fish disease, Molecular diagnosis, Peacock bass, Pearl cichlid, Iridovirus.Abstract
Peacock bass (syn.: tucunaré, Cichla ocellaris) and the pearl cichlids (syn.: acará, Geophagus brasiliensis) are South American cichlids that are highly valued in both the ornamental and sport fish industries. Since 2017, a number of outbreaks of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) have been reported on Brazilian food and ornamental fish farms. In this study, we detected ISKNV in farmed peacock bass and pearl cichlid by PCR and sequence analysis of the partial major capsid protein (MCP) gene. Moribund peacock bass (n=10) and pearl cichlids (2) from a farm experiencing elevated mortality among juveniles and adults of these species, were submitted for bacteriological and molecular diagnostics. Spleen, liver, brain, and kidney tissues were cultured on 5% sheep blood agar and cystine heart agar with 1% glucose and bovine haemoglobin. No bacteria were isolated from the 12 fish. Additionally, DNA extracts from the liver and spleen of all animals were tested for ISKNV using two conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) assays and two nested PCR (nPCR) assays. ISKNV DNA was amplified in all 12 fish DNA extracts tested, in two or more of the PCR assays. Selected ISKNV amplicons were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The nucleotide sequences derived from these animals were identical to ISKNV strains previously detected in food (e.g., tilapia and carp) and ornamental species, including strains previously detected in fish from Brazil. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of ISKNV in these native Brazilian cichlids.
Downloads
References
Azevedo, R. K. de, Abdallah, V. D., & Luque, J. L. (2006). Community ecology of metazoan parasites of the acará Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824) (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from the Guandu river, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences, 28(4), 403-411.
Azevedo, R. K. de, Abdallah, V. D., Silva, R. J. da, Azevedo, T. M. de, Martins, M. L., & Luque, J. L. (2012). Expanded description of Lamproglena monodi (Copepoda: Lernaeidae), parasitizing native and introduced fishes in Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology, 21(3), 263-269. doi: 10.1590/S1984-29612012000300015
Azevedo-Santos, V. M., Rigolin-SáI, O., & Pelicice, F. M. (2011). Growing, losing or introducing? Cage aquaculture as a vector for the introduction of non-native fish in Furnas Reservoir, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 9(4), e14638. doi: 10.1590/S1679-62252011000400024
Békési, L., & Molnár, K. (1991). Calyptospora tucunarensis n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Sporozoea) from the liver of tucunare Cichla ocellaris in Brazil. Systematic Parasitology, 18, 127-132. doi: 10.1007/BF00017665
Casimiro, A. C. R., Garcia, D. A. Z., Vidotto-Magnoni, A. P., Britton, J. R., Agostinho, A. A., Almeida, F. S., & Orsi, M. L. (2018). Escapes of non-native fish from flooded aquaculture facilities: the case of Paranapanema River, southern Brazil. Zoologia, 35(e14638), 1-6. doi: 10.3897/zoologia.35.e14638
Costa, A. R. da, Abreu, D. C. de, Torres Chideroli, R., Santo, K., Dib Gonçalves, D., Di Santis, G. W., & Pádua Pereira, U. (2021). Interspecies transmission of Edwardsiella ictaluri in Brazilian catfish (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans) from exotic invasive fish species. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 145, 197-208. doi: 10.3354/dao03610
Dong, H. T., Nguyen, V. V., Le, H. D., Sangsuriya, P., Jitrakorn, S., Saksmerprome, V., Senapin, S., & Rodkhum, C. (2015). Naturally concurrent infections of bacterial and viral pathogens in disease outbreaks in cultured Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farms. Aquaculture, 448(2015), 427-435. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.06.027
Efron, B., Halloran, E., & Holmes, S. (1996). Bootstrap confidence levels for phylogenetic trees. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 93(23), 13429-13429. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.23.13429
Figueiredo, H. C. P., Tavares, G. C., Dorella, F. A., Rosa, J. C. C., Marcelino, S. A. C., Pierezan, F., & Pereira, F. L. (2022). First report of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus in Nile tilapia in Brazil. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 69(5), 3008-3015. doi: 10.1111/tbed.14217
Fonseca, A. A., Jr., Laguardia-Nascimento, M., Scotá Ferreira, A. P., Pinto, C. A., Pereira Freitas, T. R., Rivetti, A. V., Jr., Ferreira Homem, V. S., & Camargos, M. F. (2022). Detection of megalocytivirus in Oreochromis niloticus and Pseudoplatystoma corruscans in Brazil. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 149, 25-32. doi: 10.3354/dao03657
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (2024). Pesquisas - Pecuária. https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2022). Virus Taxonomy: 2022 Release. ICTV.
Januário, F. F., Gião, T., Azevedo, R. K., & Abdallah, V. D. (2019). Helminth parasites of Cichla ocellaris Bloch & Schneider, 1801 collected in the Jacaré-Pepira River, São Paulo state, Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 91(2), e20180579. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765201920180579
Johan, C. A. C., & Zainathan, S. C. (2020). Megalocytiviruses in ornamental fish: a review. Veterinary World, 13(11), 2565-2577. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2565-2577
Kimura, M. (1980). A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 16(2), 111-120. doi: 10.1007/BF01731581
Kumar, S., Stecher, G., & Tamura, K. (2016). MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 33(7), 1870-1874. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msw054
Kurita, J., & Nakajima, K. (2012). Megalocytiviruses. Viruses, 4(4), 521-538. doi: 10.3390/v4040521
Kurita, J., Nakajima, K., Hirono, I., & Aoki, T. (1998). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA of red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV). Fish Pathology, 33(1), 17-23. doi: 10.3147/jsfp.33.17
Lacerda, A. C. F., Roumbedakis, K., Bereta, J. G. S., Jr., Nuñer, A. P. O., Petrucio, M. M., & Martins, M. L. (2018). Fish parasites as indicators of organic pollution in southern Brazil. Journal of Helminthology, 92(3), 322-331. doi: 10.1017/S0022149X17000414
Lucca Maganha, S. R. de, Cardoso, P. H. M., Carvalho Balian, S. de, Almeida-Queiroz, S. R. de, Fernandes, A. M., & Sousa, R. L. M. de. (2018). Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of megalocytivirus in Brazilian ornamental fish. Archives of Virology, 163(8), 2225-2231. doi: 10.1007/s00705-018-3834-6
Madi, R. R., & Ueta, M. T. (2009). The role of Ancyrocephalinae (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae), parasite of Geophagus brasiliensis (Pisces: Cichlidae), as an environmental indicator. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology, 18(2), 38-41. doi: 10.4322/rbpv.01802008
Pattanayak, S., Paul, A., & Sahoo, P. K. (2020). Detection and genetic analysis of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) in ornamental fish from non-clinical cases: First report from India. BioRxiv. doi: 10.1101/2020.08.12.247650
Pavanelli, G. C., Simas, I. P. N., Gonçalves, J. E., & Castro, A. L. B. P. (2018). Ginger oil (Zingiber officinale) in the fight against larvae of Contracaecum sp. that cause human zoonoses. O Mundo da Saúde, São Paulo, 42(2), 534-547. doi: 10.15343/0104-7809.20184202534547
Pozza, A., Lima, F. O. C. de, Haas, M., & Lehmann, P. A. (2018). Clinostomum sp. (Digenea: Clinostomidae) and Ascocotyle sp. (Digenea: Heterophyidae): metacercariae with zoonotic potential in fishes from Tramandaí River basin, southern Brazil. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 44(1), 105-109. doi: 10.20950/1678-2305.2018.303
Rassier, G. L., Pesenti, T. C., Pereira, J., Jr., Silva, D. S. da, Wendt, E. W., Monteiro, C. de M., & Berne, M. E. (2015). Metazoan parasites of Geophagus brasiliensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae) in Patos Lagoon, extreme south of Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology, 24(4), 447-453. doi: 10.1590/S1984-29612015075
Rimmer, A. E., Becker, J. A., Tweedie, A., & Whittington, R. J. (2012). Development of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for the detection of dwarf gourami iridovirus (DGIV) and other megalocytiviruses and comparison with the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) reference PCR protocol. Aquaculture, 358-359, 155-163. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.06.034
Rocha, R. S., Pelegrini, L. S., Camargo, A. A., Abdallah, V. D., & Azevedo, R. K. de. (2015). Sphincterodiplostomum musculosum (Digenea, Diplostomidae) in Geophagus brasiliensis (Perciformes, Cichlidae) collected in a lake at Dois Córregos, São Paulo, Brazil. Ciência Rural, 45(12), 2223-2228. doi: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20141493
Rodrigues, R. P., Pereira, J. A., Jr., Brabo, M. F., Santos, F. J. S., Aranha, T. V., & Santos, M. A. S. (2020). Marine sport fishing in the Municipality of São Caetano de Odivelas, Pará State, Amazon, Brazil. Research, Society and Development, 9(7), e835974701. doi: 10.33448/rsd-v9i7.4701
Scholz, T., Chambrier, A. de, Prouza, A., & Royero, R. A. (1996). Redescription of Proteocephalus macrophallus, a parasite of Cichla ocellaris (Pisces: Cichlidae) from South America. Folia Parasitologica, 43(4), 287-291.
Subramaniam, K., Gotesman, M., Smith, C. E., Steckler, N. K., Kelley, K. L., Groff, J. M., & Waltzek, T. B. (2016). Megalocytivirus infection in cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 119(3), 253-258. doi: 10.3354/dao02985
Swaminathan, T. R., Johny, T. K., Nithianantham, S. R., Sudhagar, A., Pradhan, P. K., Sulumane Ramachandra, K. S., Nair, R. R., & Sood, N. (2022). A natural outbreak of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus threatens wild pearlspot, Etroplus suratensis in Peechi Dam in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 69(5), e1595-e1605. doi: 10.1111/tbed.14494
Valladão, G. M. R., Gallani, S. U., & Pilarski, F. (2018). South American fish for continental aquaculture. Reviews in Aquaculture, 10(2), 351-369. doi: 10.1111/raq.12164
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Semina: Ciências Agrárias
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Semina: Ciências Agrárias adopts the CC-BY-NC license for its publications, the copyright being held by the author, in cases of republication we recommend that authors indicate first publication in this journal.
This license allows you to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, remix, transform and develop the material, as long as it is not for commercial purposes. And due credit must be given to the creator.
The opinions expressed by the authors of the articles are their sole responsibility.
The magazine reserves the right to make normative, orthographic and grammatical changes to the originals in order to maintain the cultured standard of the language and the credibility of the vehicle. However, it will respect the writing style of the authors. Changes, corrections or suggestions of a conceptual nature will be sent to the authors when necessary.
